Hydrogen permeation tests and tensile mechanical tests were performed at room temperature on API 5CT P110 steel to characterize hydrogen trapping and to evaluate their hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. The hydrogen trap density was calculated from two consecutive hydrogen permeation transients plotted using an electrochemical cell. Slow strain rate tensile tests on hydrogen-charged samples through cathodic polarization at different potentials were performed to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Thereby it was established the lowest potential that characterizes the onset of the cathodic overprotection for studied steel. After mechanical tests was observed a decrease in ductility as the protection potential became more negative and that the fracture mode was changed from ductile microvoid coalescence on the as-received steel to extended quasi-cleavage on the hydrogen-charged steel. The results showed that API 5CT P110 steel has high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement conditioned by a predominance of reversible traps in microstructure and by high hydrogen solubility. CT P P11 cell hydrogencharged charged asreceived received quasicleavage quasi cleavage solubility P1

Galactosemia is an inborn error of galactose metabolism that occurs mainly as the outcome of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. The ability to assess galactose oxidation following administration of a galactose-labeled isotope (1-13C-galactose) allows the determination of galactose metabolism in a practical manner. We aimed to assess the level of galactose oxidation in both healthy and galactosemic Brazilian children. Twenty-one healthy children and seven children with galactosemia ranging from 1 to 7 years of age were studied. A breath test was used to quantitate 13CO2 enrichment in exhaled air before and at 30, 60, and 120 min after the oral administration of 7 mg/kg of an aqueous solution of 1-13C-galactose to all children. The molar ratios of 13CO2 and 12CO2 were quantified by the mass/charge ratio (m/z) of stable isotopes in each air sample by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. In sick children, the cumulative percentage of 13C from labeled galactose (CUMPCD) in the exhaled air ranged from 0.03% at 30 min to 1.67% at 120 min. In contrast, healthy subjects showed a much broader range in CUMPCD, with values from 0.4% at 30 min to 5.58% at 120 min. The study found a significant difference in galactose oxidation between children with and without galactosemia, demonstrating that the breath test is useful in discriminating children with GALT deficiencies.

A importância do Nitreto cúbico de Boro (cBN) reside em processos de usinagem de metais ferrosos de elevada dureza. Apesar do cBN ser superado pelo diamante em termos de dureza, ele é mais resistente a oxidação provocada pelo ferro sob altas temperaturas em torno de 700ºC. Os cristais de cBN podem ser obtidos pela síntese a partir da mistura de Nitreto hexagonal de Boro (hBN), aplicando altas pressões e altas temperaturas (HPHT), durante um determinado tempo. Para facilitar os processos de transformação do hBN em cBN, podem ser utilizados um ou mais catalisadores, tais como o magnésio, lítio e bário e outros. No presente trabalho o magnésio na forma de partículas de até 53µm foi utilizado como catalisador nas tentativas de síntese de cBN. Com o objetivo de identificar os parâmetros de síntese (HPHT) que possibilitam a obtenção de partículas de cBN, foram feitas calibrações de temperatura e pressão na prensa hidráulica de 630 toneladas utilizada nos experimentos. As sínteses foram realizadas, utilizando a mesma temperatura para quatro pressões de 5,0; 6,0; 7,0; e 8,0 GPa, durante 5 minutos. E logo após as sínteses foram obtidas imagens por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) de cada amostra fraturada, o que mostrou algumas formações de cBN.

The importance of the cubic Boron Nitride (cBN) lies in processes of machining of ferrous metals of raised hardness, where it substitutes the diamond. Despite the cBN being surpassed by the diamond in hardness terms, it has more oxidation resistance provoked by the iron under high temperatures around 700ºC. The cBN crystals can be gotten by the synthesis through the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) applying High Pressures and High Temperatures (HPHT), during determined time. To facilitate the transformation of hBN to cBN, there can be applied one or more catalytic, such as magnesium, lithium, barium and others. In this work the magnesium in the particle form of until 53µm was used as catalytic in the attempts of cBN synthesis. With the objective to identify the synthesis parameters (HPHT) that they make possible the cBN particle attainment, calibrations of temperature and pressure in the hydraulic press of 630 ton used in the experiments had been made. Synthesis was carried out with the same temperature and four different values of pressure 5.0; 6.0; 7.0 and 8.0 GPa, for 5 minutes. After the synthesis, images had been gotten for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of each broken sample, what it showed some formations of cBN.